Criminological Implications of Fuel Subsidy Removal in Nigeria: Analyzing the Rise of Economic Crimes and Social Disorder

Abstract

This study investigates the criminological implications of fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the rise of economic crimes, widespread social disorder, and the deepening erosion of public trust in state institutions. Using a qualitative methodological approach, the study relies on documentary analysis of empirical reports, national statistical data, media documentation, and peer-reviewed literature. The findings demonstrate a strong correlation between abrupt economic reforms and rising levels of crime, public resistance, and informal market expansion. Specifically, fuel subsidy removal was followed by significant increases in fuel smuggling, black-market trading, price manipulation, product adulteration, and various forms of economic exploitation. Additionally, the policy generated widespread protests, labour strikes, road blockages, and confrontations with security agencies, reflecting deeper societal frustrations beyond economic discomfort. The study concludes that economic reforms implemented without adequate social protections, transparent communication, and legitimacy-building mechanisms are likely to intensify insecurity and promote deviant coping strategies. It recommends the adoption of citizen-centered reform planning, strengthened welfare interventions, institutional accountability, and trust-building strategies to mitigate the criminogenic effects of future policy decisions in Nigeria.