Examining Gender-Related Vulnerabilities and Safety Risks Faced by Women in Public Transportation System: A Case Study of Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract

Gender-related vulnerabilities and safety risks continue to shape the daily mobility experiences of women in urban transportation systems. In Abuja, Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT), public transportation remains largely insensitive to women’s distinct safety, accessibility, and comfort needs. This study examines the nature and extent of gender-based vulnerabilities and safety risks faced by women using public transport in Abuja, Nigeria. A mixed-methods research design is being adopted, combining household surveys, structured interviews, and focus group discussions across twelve wards of the Abuja Municipal Area Council. A total of 1,315 participants is being selected based on Dillman’s (2007) formula, resulting in 1,021 valid responses at a 97% confidence level and a 3% margin of error. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques in SPSS. Findings indicate that 65.4% of respondents perceive no gender inclusion in transport planning, and only 3.8% acknowledge women’s participation in transport decision-making. Major safety and accessibility challenges include exposure to harassment and insecurity (35.9%), high transport fares (31.8%), overcrowding (14.5%), long walking distances (6.3%), and lack of child-friendly facilities (6.5%). The study concludes that gender inequalities and weak institutional frameworks exacerbate women’s vulnerability and restrict their safe participation in public mobility. Recommendations include integrating gender-responsive transport policies, inclusive planning, and safety-focused design interventions to enhance women’s protection, accessibility, and equitable participation in Abuja’s public transportation system.