FROM HASHTAGS TO HARMONY OR DISCORD? NAVIGATING SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS FOR PEACE IN NIGERIA’S PLURAL SOCIETY

Abstract

In Nigeria's deeply fragmented society, social media has emerged as both a platform for civic engagement and a fuel for increased social division. This study examined the impact of online narratives, dominant communication patterns, and digital interactions on peacebuilding and conflict dynamics in diverse Nigerian communities. The study objectives were to: i. identify patterns of dominant digital communication and narrative construction; ii. assess the influence of social media on societal polarisation in Nigeria's online spaces; and iii. explore the capacity of social media as a catalyst for digital peacebuilding. A descriptive study design was employed to elucidate the complex dynamics of online interactions. The theoretical framework leverages Networked Public Sphere Theory, defining social media as digitally mediated environments where users engage in horizontal communication that challenges narratives and forms collective identities, thereby facilitating critical examination of online discourse and social cohesiveness. Research indicated that social media platforms exhibit dual characteristics: they promote participatory involvement and collective mobilisation for peace while simultaneously intensifying identity-based polarisation through echo chambers and emotionally charged narratives. Strategic framing, inclusive messaging, and non-violent digital activism are vital methods through which social media can advance peacebuilding objectives. The research determined that user behaviour, narrative formation, and platform attributes, rather than intrinsic polarisation, influence the effects of digital environments. Recommendations include the necessity for legislative measures, digital literacy efforts, platform moderation, and civil society mobilisation to use social media as a driver for peace while mitigating its potential for societal disintegration.